Elul
Ani Le’dodi, Ve’dodi Li (I am for my beloved, and my beloved is for me)

Elul is the month of the Almighty's intense love for the Jewish people. This is the month of spiritual preparation and accounting that culminates with Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.

The historical events are listed here:

15th of Nissan 2448 (3318 years ago)
Jewish people were freed from slavery in Egypt (1st day of the very 1st Pesach)
22nd of Nissan (1 week later)
The Red Sea split (seventh day of Pesach)
6th of Sivan (50 days later)
God gave the Ten Commandments to the Jewish people on Mount Sinai (holiday of Shavuot). Moses went up Mount Sinai to learn more details of the Torah directly from God
17th of Tammuz (40 days later)
Moses came down from the mountain, smashed the Tablets of the Ten Commandments, destroyed the Golden Calf, and punished the transgressors
19th of Tammuz
Moses ascended Mount Sinai for the 2nd time to plead for the lives of the Jewish people and prayed with great intensity
30th day of Av (40 days later)
God agreed to spare the Jewish people in the merit of their forefathers. Moses returned to the people. Their lives were spared, but the sin was not yet forgiven
Rosh Chodesh Elul
Moses ascended Mount Sinai for the 3rd time and stayed in the heavenly camp for 40 days. The month of Elul became a special time for drawing close to God
10th of Tishrei (40 days later)
God agreed to mete out the punishment for the Golden Calf over many generations. He then gave Moses a new, second set of Tablets. Moses came down from the mountain with good news for the people: The reunification was complete, and the relationship restored. Thereafter, the 10th of Tishrei was designated as a day of forgiveness for all future generations: Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement

For a fantastic collection of essays on Elul, click here